MCQs Week 9 Loading... 1. Which of the following is INCORRECT? The adductor canal traverses the middle third of the thigh deep to the sartorius muscleThe femoral sheath terminates inferiorly by blending with the adventitia of the femoral vesselsThe femoral canal is the most lateral component of the femoral sheath and contains loose connective tissue, fat and some lymphatic vessels The femoral canal orginates proximally in the femoral ring Loading... 2. During normal inspiration, more air goes to the basal alveoli than the apical alveoli because Basal alveoli have more surfactantBasal alveoli are more compliantBasal alveoli have a higher V/Q ratioThere is more negative intra-pleural pressure at the base of the lung Loading... 3. Regarding pulmonary infections Moraxella Catarrhalis is an important cause of nosocomial infectionsKlebsiella Pneumonia has a high incidence of complications such as lung abscessPneumococcus is the most common cause of community acquired pneumoniaThe causative organism is identified by blood cultures in 60-70% of cases Loading... 4. With regards drugs used in the treatment of asthma, which of the following is true? Antimuscarinic agents are more potent than beta-2 agonists in reversing bronchospasmSalmeterol has a duration of action of 4-6hrsIsoprenaline is a potent bronchodilator but may cause cardiac arrhythmiasCromolyn sodium is equivalent to beta-2 agonists in acute asthma Loading... 5. Resorption atelectasis involves Compression of lung tissue by pleural fluidAbsorption of trapped airImpairment of blood flow through alveolar wallsLocalised emphysema Loading... 6. Salbutamol Has a duration of action of up to 8 hoursMay lead to a transient fall in oxygen tensionIs a selective B1 agonistMay cause hyperkalaemia Loading... 7. Regarding regional differences in gas exchange In the spontaneously breathing patient lying on their side, there is better ventilation of the dependent lungVentilation is greater at the apex of the lung compared with the base in a standing patientVentilation is greater in the anterior lung compared with the posterior lung in the supine patientBlood flow is higher at the apex of the lung compared with the base Loading... 8. In the medial compartment of the thigh The muscles are predominantly supplied by the obturator nerveObturator externus acts to medially rotate the thighGracilis arises from the inferior portion of the iliumAdductor longus is an important flexor of the thigh Loading... 9. With regards to compliance of the lungs and chest wall The interaction between recoil of the lungs and recoil of the chest wall is theoreticalCompliance is a term for the change in air flow per unit change in airway pressureCompliance depends on lung volumeCompliance is decreased in emphysema Loading... 10. Regarding the pelvis, which of the following is correct? The margin of the acetabulum is incomplete posteriorly at the acetabular notchThe surface anatomy of the anterior superior iliac spine can be identified by the skin dimples caused by fascia in the lower backThe psoas major muscle arises from the T12-L5 vertebrae, discs and transverse processesPectineus is an important abductor of the thigh Loading... 11. Regarding surfactant It is produced by type 1 alveolar cellsIt serves to increase surface tension in alveoliIt is synthesised in the lung from amino acidsIt serves to promote stability of the alveoli Loading... 12. Which of the following is correct regarding obstructive pulmonary diseases? Most heavy smokers develop these diseasesPulmonary function tests show a reduced FEV1The source of airway obstruction is narrowing of the small airwaysMost acute exacerbations are due to pneumothorax formation Loading... 13. Which of the following is true of methylxanthines? They have negative inotropic and chronotropic effectsThey have anti-diuretic effectsThey inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase at high concentrationsThey act synergistically with adenosine Loading... 14. Regarding the femoral triangle It is bordered superiorly by the thickened medial margin of the aponeurosis of the internal obliqueIt is bordered medially by the lateral border of adductor magnusThe muscular floor is formed by iliopsoas medially and pectineus laterallyIt is bisected by the femoral artery and vein Loading... 15. Regarding lung cancer, which of the following is correct? It is the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwideAround 10% of lung cancers occur prior to the age of 40 yearsSmall cell carcinoma is the most common type in females and non-smokersAdenocarcinomas are usually located more peripherally in the lung Loading...
