MCQs Week 7 Loading... 1. Which of the following statements are INCORRECT? Thiazide diuretics act at the proximal convoluted tubulePotassium-sparing diuretics act at the collecting tubule within the cortex of the kidneyOsmotic agents act on the thin descending limb of the loop of HenleCarbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on the proximal convoluted tubule Loading... 2. Regarding V/Q differences in the lung In healthy individuals the anatomic dead space is less than the physiologic dead spaceDue to the effects of gravity in the upright position, ventilation remains constant throughout the lung but perfusion declines in a linear fashion from base to apex.Ventilation/perfusion ratio is low at the base of the lungVentilation/perfusion inequality causes an equal degree of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia in patients Loading... 3. Identify the correct pairing of diuretic with adverse effect Furosemide - hyperammonaemia in liver cirrhosis patientsBumetanide - hyperkalaemiaAcetazolamide - Renal stonesHydrochlorothiazide - ototoxicity Loading... 4. Compression of structures in the carpal tunnel usually results in Weakness of flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumbWeakness of the interossei musclesUnaffected sensation on the palmar surface of the little fingerWeakness of all the lumbrical muscles Loading... 5. With regard to the anatomical snuffbox The extensor pollicis longus tendon forms it's posterior borderThe radial artery makes up part of it's boundaryThe abductor pollicis brevis tendon forms it's anterior borderThe scaphoid and triquetrium are palpable in the floor Loading... 6. All of the following are metabolised in some way in the lung EXCEPT SerotoninNoradrenalineAngiotensin IIBradykinin Loading... 7. Which of the following is correct? Tidal volume in a normal adults is approximately 1000mlFunctional residual capacity is the amount of gas remaining in the lung after maximal expirationAlveolar ventilation = tidal volume x respiratory ratePhysiological dead space can be measured by Bohr's method Loading... 8. Which of the following statements about diuretics are INCORRECT? Thiazides and loop diuretics share some cross-reactivity in patients with sulfonamide allergyMannitol use increases urinary flow rates and thus causes a hyponatramia due to reduced contact time at the tubular epitheliumThere is some benefit in diuretic use for the oedematous patient with an eGFR <15ml/minAfter administering a 1-2g/kg dose of IV mannitol, the intracranial pressure will fall at 60-90minutes Loading... 9. Regarding innervation of the hand The palmar branch of the median nerve passes under the flexor retinaculumThe deep branch of the ulnar nerve supplies the interossei musclesThe dorsal interossei are supplied by the radial nerveCarpal tunnel syndrome results in loss of thumb adduction Loading... 10. Regarding diuretics, all of the following are true EXCEPT Furosemide acts at the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the distal tubuleSpironolactone can cause gynaecomastiaAcetazolamide blunts NaHCO3 reabsorption and can cause a hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosisHydrochlorothiazide acts at the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule Loading... 11. Myelofibrosis Is a cause of a leucoerythroblastic anaemiaIs usually accompanied by hypoplasia of megakaryocytesResults in increased erythropoiesis in the bone marrowCauses subperiosteal elevation due to new bone formation Loading... 12. Metabolic functions of the lung include all of the following EXCEPT Inactivation of bradykininInactivation of prostaglandinsInactivation of angiotensin IISynthesis of prostaglandins Loading... 13. Which of the following is the predominant cell type found in the para-follicular regions in lymph nodes and the peri-arteriolar sheaths in the spleen? ImmunoblastsB-lymphocytesT-lymphocytesMacrophages Loading... 14. Loop diuretics Cause an increased delivery of Na to the collecting ducts which leads to increased secretion of K and HCO3 causing a hypokalaemic metabolic acidosisInhibit the luminal Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of HenleAre contra-indicated in patients with gout Impair pancreatic release of insulin causing hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients Loading... 15. Stem cells Are continuously dividing cellsOf embryonic origin are committed to a single cell lineCannot be produced from differentiated cellsAre restricted to the bone marrow Loading... 16. Which of the following structures passes deep to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist? The palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerveThe palmaris longus tendonThe flexor pollicis longus tendonThe ulnar artery Loading... 17. Regarding diuretics They work to lower blood pressure initially by decreasing peripheral vascular resistanceThiazide diuretics are potassium sparingBlood pressure response to thiazides continues to increase at doses greater than therapeutic dosesDiuretics may impair glucose tolerance Loading...
