MCQs – Week 1 Loading... 1. Regarding cell injury Reduced oxidative phosphorylation and cellular swelling are hallmarks of irreversible cell injuryApoptosis is inherently a pathological processCellular contents remain intact in apoptosisDepletion of intracellular calcium stores activate caspases, an important mediator of cell injuryQuestion 1 of 18 Loading... 2. Free radicals Have two paired electrons in an outer orbitAre produced by neutrophils and macrophages to destroy microbesUsually fail to react with adjacent proteins or lipidsIn excess, are called reductive stressQuestion 2 of 18 Loading... 3. The duration of action of an irreversible antagonist is dependent on Rate of elimination of the antagonistRate of turnover of receptor moleculesPotency of agonistEfficacy of agonistQuestion 3 of 18 Loading... 4. Apoptosis Results in destruction of the plasma membrane as the cell breaks upIs initiated by a single pathwayIf disordered can give rise to malignancy formationOccurs when cytochrome C is down-regulated within the cellQuestion 4 of 18 Loading... 5. Regarding the vasculature Because of their diameter and ability to expand veins typically contain 80% of the blood volumeCapillary beds are always fed by the arterial treeThe normal human body contains many shunts between the arterial and venous systemsCapillaries consist of only a single layer - the tunica mediaQuestion 5 of 18 Loading... 6. The first long bone to ossify is the TibiaClavicleUlnaMetacarpalsQuestion 6 of 18 Loading... 7. Regarding pharmacodynamics The use of protamine to reverse heparin is an example of competitive antagonismAn inverse agonist binds a receptor to produce a submaximal effector responseA steep curve on a log dose-response graph means that a drug is potentTherapeutic index is the relationship between a desired and undesired effect in drug dosingQuestion 7 of 18 Loading... 8. Which of the following is correct? Peroxisomes are responsible for protein synthesisLysosomes are responsible for the acid hydrolysis of cell breakdown productsMitochondria use reductive phosphorylation to produce the energy rich compound ATPCaspases have an essential role in intercellular communicationQuestion 8 of 18 Loading... 9. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding reversible cell injury? Ion concentration change and water shifts lead to swelling of the cellBlebbing of the plasma membrane is seenVacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm occursMyelin figures are a marked featureQuestion 9 of 18 Loading... 10. Pinocytosis Can account for the uptake of macromolecules into cellsIs the simple non-selective diffusion of extracellular solute into cellsInvolves the ingestion by the cell of particles not in solutionInvolves addition of membrane to the total cell membraneQuestion 10 of 18 Loading... 11. Intracellular fluid, as compared to extracellular fluid Has more potassiumHas less proteinHas more bicarbonateHas more chlorideQuestion 11 of 18 Loading... 12. Calmodulin is an acidic peptide which Activates an enzyme that causes contraction of smooth muscleActivates an enzyme that causes contraction of skeletal muscleActivates an enyzme that causes relaxation of smooth muscleActs to maintain the integrity of smooth muscle at maximal contractionQuestion 12 of 18 Loading... 13. Regarding the nature of drugs Most drugs have molecular weights between 20000 and 50000 MW unitsAlteplase is an example of a very large drug with a MW of nearly 60000Lithium is an example of a very large drug with a MW of nearly 60000Drugs smaller than 1000MW units do not diffuse readily between body compartmentsQuestion 13 of 18 Loading... 14. Regarding cell injury Both necrosis and apoptosis have a role in cell death following a reperfusion injuryIrreversible injury is identified by the presence of myelin figuresHypoxia is more injurious than ischaemia due to continued circulation of inflammatory mediatorsSOD in mitochondria is responsible for creation of reactive oxygen speciesQuestion 14 of 18 Loading... 15. An example of a synovial joint is Sacro-coccygeal Cranial sutureDistal tibiofibular jointAcromio-clavicular jointQuestion 15 of 18 Loading... 16. Which of the following is correct? Abduction and adduction of the thumb is a movement that occurs in the sagittal planeIn the normal anatomical position the forearm is pronatedIn the normal anatomical position the frenulum of the prepuce lies on the dorsal surface of the penisIn the normal anatomical position the ring finger is lateral to the middle fingerQuestion 16 of 18 Loading... 17. An example of a secondary cartilaginous joint is Proximal tibial epiphysisCostochondral jointIntervertebral discLambdoid sutureQuestion 17 of 18 Loading... 18. Which of the following body fluid compartments equates most accurately with 20% of the total body weight in an average adult? Total body waterIntracellular waterExtracellular waterPlasma and total blood volumeQuestion 18 of 18 Loading...
